NCERT Solutions for Class 11th: Ch 4 Animal Kingdom Biology
Page No: 62
Exercises
1. What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?
Answer
If we consider specific characteristics instead of fundamental features then each organism will be placed in a separate group and the entire objective of classification would not be achieved.
Classification of animals is also important in comparing different organisms and judging their individual evolutionary significance. If only a single characteristic is considered, then this objective would not be achieved.
Answer
→ First Step: Look for the presence or absence of vertebral column.
→ Second Step: Identify the level of organization.
→ Third Step: Look for symmetry, i.e. radial or bilateral or asymmetrical.
→ Fourth Step: Look for presence or absence of body cavity.
3. How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals?
Answer
The presence or absence of the body cavity gives a clue about a particular animal’s position in evolutionary ladder. The absence of coelom indicates that the animal is yet to develop a functional dividion of labour to carry out various activities. This indicates towards a simplicity of activities going on inside the body. The presence of coelom paves the way for evolution of a more complex and more efficient organ system for various activities.
4. Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion?
Answer
5. What is the difference between direct and indirect development?
Answer
6. What are the peculiar features that you find in parasitic platyhelminthes?
Answer
Peculiar features in parasitic platyhelminthes are:
→ They have dorsiventrally flattened body and bear hooks and suckers to get attached inside the body of the host.
→ Their body is covered with thick tegument, which protects them from the action of digestive juices of the host.
→The tegument also helps in absorbing nutrients from the host's body.
7. What are the reasons that you can think of for the arthropods to constitute the largest group of the animal kingdom?
Answer
Arthropods are the first phylum to have well developed systems to carry out different activities. There is distinct system for respiration, locomotion and reproduction. Their survival capacity is great because of elaborate system. This has helped them survive in diverse conditions. This can be one of the reasons why arthropods are the largest group among the animal kingdom.
8. Water vascular system is the characteristic of which group of the following:
(a) Porifera (b) Ctenophora (c) Echinodermata (d) Chordata
Exercises
1. What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account?
Answer
If we consider specific characteristics instead of fundamental features then each organism will be placed in a separate group and the entire objective of classification would not be achieved.
Classification of animals is also important in comparing different organisms and judging their individual evolutionary significance. If only a single characteristic is considered, then this objective would not be achieved.
2. If you are given a specimen, what are the steps that you would follow to classify it?
Answer
→ Second Step: Identify the level of organization.
→ Third Step: Look for symmetry, i.e. radial or bilateral or asymmetrical.
→ Fourth Step: Look for presence or absence of body cavity.
3. How useful is the study of the nature of body cavity and coelom in the classification of animals?
Answer
The presence or absence of the body cavity gives a clue about a particular animal’s position in evolutionary ladder. The absence of coelom indicates that the animal is yet to develop a functional dividion of labour to carry out various activities. This indicates towards a simplicity of activities going on inside the body. The presence of coelom paves the way for evolution of a more complex and more efficient organ system for various activities.
4. Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion?
Answer
| Intracellular digestion | Extracellular digestion |
| The digestion of food occurs within the cell. | The digestion occurs in the cavity of alimentary canal. |
| Digestive enzymes are secreted by the surrounding cytoplasm into the food vacuole. | Digestive enzymes are secreted by special cells into the cavity of alimentary canal. |
| Digestive products are diffused into the cytoplasm. | Digestive products diffuse across the intestinal wall into various parts of the body. |
| It is a less efficient method. | It is a more efficient method of digestion. |
| It occurs in unicellular organisms. | It occurs in multicellular organisms. |
5. What is the difference between direct and indirect development?
Answer
| Direct development | Indirect development |
| It is a type of development in which an embryo develops into a mature individual without involving a larval stage. | It is a type of development that involves a sexually-immature larval stage, having different food requirements than adults. |
| Metamorphosis is absent. | Metamorphosis involving development of larva to a sexually-mature adult is present. |
| It occurs in fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals. | It occurs in most of the invertebrates and amphibians. |
6. What are the peculiar features that you find in parasitic platyhelminthes?
Answer
Peculiar features in parasitic platyhelminthes are:
→ They have dorsiventrally flattened body and bear hooks and suckers to get attached inside the body of the host.
→ Their body is covered with thick tegument, which protects them from the action of digestive juices of the host.
→The tegument also helps in absorbing nutrients from the host's body.
7. What are the reasons that you can think of for the arthropods to constitute the largest group of the animal kingdom?
Answer
Arthropods are the first phylum to have well developed systems to carry out different activities. There is distinct system for respiration, locomotion and reproduction. Their survival capacity is great because of elaborate system. This has helped them survive in diverse conditions. This can be one of the reasons why arthropods are the largest group among the animal kingdom.
8. Water vascular system is the characteristic of which group of the following:
(a) Porifera (b) Ctenophora (c) Echinodermata (d) Chordata
9. "All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates". Justify the statement.
Answer
The characteristic features of the phylum, Chordata, include the presence of a notochord and paired pharyngeal gill slits. In sub-phylum Vertebrata, the notochord present in embryos gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults. Thus, it can be said that all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
10. How important is the presence of air bladder in Pisces?
Answer
Gas bladder or air bladder is a gas filled sac present in fishes. It helps in maintaining buoyancy. Thus, it helps fishes to ascend or descend and stay in the water current.
11. What are the modifications that are observed in birds that help them fly?
Answer
The modifications modifications in birds help them fly:
→ Streamlined body for rapid and smooth movement
→ Covering of feathers for insulation
→ Forelimbs modified into wings and hind limbs used for walking, perching, and swimming
→ Presence of pneumatic bones to reduce weight
→ Presence of additional air sacs to supplement respiration.
12. Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?
Answer
The numbers of eggs produced by an oviparous mother will be more than the young ones produced by a viviparous mother because in oviparous animals, the development of young ones takes place outside the mother's body. Their eggs are more prone to environmental conditions and predators. Therefore, to overcome the loss, more eggs are produced by mothers so that even under harsh environmental conditions, some eggs might be able to survive and produce young ones. On the other hand, in viviparous organisms, the development of young ones takes place in safe conditions inside the body of the mother. They are less exposed to environmental conditions and predators. Therefore, there are more chances of their survival and hence, less number of young ones is produced compared to the number of eggs.
13. Segmentation in the body is first observed in which of the following:
(a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda
Answer
The body segmentation first appeared in the phylum, Annelida.
14.Match the following:
Answer
15. Prepare a list of some animals that are found parasitic on human beings.
Answer
Ascaris, Wucheraria, Acylostoma, Taenia, Fasciola.
Answer
The characteristic features of the phylum, Chordata, include the presence of a notochord and paired pharyngeal gill slits. In sub-phylum Vertebrata, the notochord present in embryos gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in adults. Thus, it can be said that all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
10. How important is the presence of air bladder in Pisces?
Answer
Gas bladder or air bladder is a gas filled sac present in fishes. It helps in maintaining buoyancy. Thus, it helps fishes to ascend or descend and stay in the water current.
11. What are the modifications that are observed in birds that help them fly?
Answer
The modifications modifications in birds help them fly:
→ Streamlined body for rapid and smooth movement
→ Covering of feathers for insulation
→ Forelimbs modified into wings and hind limbs used for walking, perching, and swimming
→ Presence of pneumatic bones to reduce weight
→ Presence of additional air sacs to supplement respiration.
12. Could the number of eggs or young ones produced by an oviparous and viviparous mother be equal? Why?
Answer
The numbers of eggs produced by an oviparous mother will be more than the young ones produced by a viviparous mother because in oviparous animals, the development of young ones takes place outside the mother's body. Their eggs are more prone to environmental conditions and predators. Therefore, to overcome the loss, more eggs are produced by mothers so that even under harsh environmental conditions, some eggs might be able to survive and produce young ones. On the other hand, in viviparous organisms, the development of young ones takes place in safe conditions inside the body of the mother. They are less exposed to environmental conditions and predators. Therefore, there are more chances of their survival and hence, less number of young ones is produced compared to the number of eggs.
13. Segmentation in the body is first observed in which of the following:
(a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda
Answer
The body segmentation first appeared in the phylum, Annelida.
14.Match the following:
| (a) Operculum | (i) Ctenophora |
| (b) Parapodia | (ii) Mollusca |
| (c) Scales | (iii) Porifera |
| (d) Comb plates | (iv) Reptilia |
| (e) Radula | (v) Annelida |
| (f) Hairs | (vi) Cyclostomata and Chondrichthyes |
| (g) Choanocytes | (vii) Mammalia |
| (h) Gill slits | (viii) Osteichthyes |
Answer
| (a) Operculum | (viii) Osteichthyes |
| (b) Parapodia | (v) Annelida |
| (c) Scales | (iv) Reptilia |
| (d) Comb plates | (i) Ctenophora |
| (e) Radula | (ii) Mollusca |
| (f) Hairs | (vii) Mammalia |
| (g) Choanocytes | (iii) Porifera |
| (h) Gill slits | (vi) Cyclostomata and Chondrichthyes |
15. Prepare a list of some animals that are found parasitic on human beings.
Answer
Ascaris, Wucheraria, Acylostoma, Taenia, Fasciola.
MCQ Questions for Class 11 Biology: Ch 4 Animal Kingdom
1. One of the following are not formed in mosquito
(a) Sporozoites
(b) Ookinetes
(c) Oocystes
(d) Merozoites
► (d) Merozoites
2. The animals with bilateral symmetry in young stage, and radial pentamerous symmetry in the adult stage, belong to the phylum
(a) Annelida
(b) Mollusca
(c) Cnidaria
(d) Echinodermata
► (d) Echinodermata
3. Which blood vessel carry larva of Ascaris in lungs:
(a) Pulmonary vein
(b) Hepatic vein
(c) Carotid artery
(d) Pulmonary artery
► (d) Pulmonary artery
4. The excretory product of Ascaris is:
(a) Urea
(b) Ammonia
(c) Both A and B
(d) None
► (a) Urea
5. The number of longitudinal streaks in the body of Ascaris is-
(a) Two
(b) Six
(c) Four
(d) Three
► (c) Four
6. Which one of the following groups of animals is bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic?
(a) Aschelminthes (round worms)
(b) Ctenophores
(c) Sponges
(d) Coelenterates (Cnidarians)
► (a) Aschelminthes (round worms)
7. Ascaris is monogenetic. It means it has:
(a) One host
(b) Three hosts
(c) Two hosts
(d) None of the above
► (a) One host
8. Pernicious malaria is
(a) Vivax malaria
(b) Relapse malaria
(c) Tertian malaria
(d) Malignant malaria
► (d) Malignant malaria
9. Mosquito (Anopheles) is
(a) Exogenous host for Plasmodium
(b) Endogenous host for Plasmodium
(c) Initial host
(d) None of the above
► (a) Exogenous host for Plasmodium
10. A fresh water Amoeba respires by means of
(a) Gills
(b) Food Vacuole
(c) Plasmalemma
(d) Contractile vacuole
► (c) Plasmalemma
11. Cinchona bark is used to form
(a) Pyrantal palmate
(b) Quinine
(c) Antipar
(d) All of the above
► (b) Quinine
12. Due to contraction in radial muscles the diameter of pharyngeal cavity :-
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) First increases then decreases
(d) First decreases then increases
► (b) Increases
13. Binary fission in Amoeba occurs
(a) When environment is favourable
(b) Food is abundant
(c) Temperature is suitable
(d) Food abundant and temperature is suitable
► (a) When environment is favourable
14. Excretory canals of Ascaris with regard to origin are:
(a) Extra cellular
(b) Inter cellular
(c) Intra cellular
(d) A cellular
► (c) Intra cellular
15. Ascaris is characterized by
(a) absence of true coelom but presence of metamerism
(b) presence of neither true coelom nor metamerism
(c) presence of true coelom but absence of metamerism
(d) presence of true coelom and metamerism (metamerisation)
► (b) presence of neither true coelom nor metamerism
16. Zygote of Plasmodium is
(a) Isogamous
(b) Anisogamous
(c) Agamous
(d) None of the Above
► (b) Anisogamous
17. Externally male Ascaris can be differentiated from female Ascaris by-
(a) 5 pairs of postanal papillae
(b) 50 pairs of papillae
(c) Pineal setae
(d) All of the above
► (d) All of the above
18. No. of rectal glands in male and female Ascaris respectively :-
(a) 6 and 3
(b) 3 and 6
(c) 4 and 2
(d) absent
► (a) 6 and 3
19. Which one of the following phyla is correctly matched with its two general characteristics?
(a) Arthropoda - Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen and respiration by tracheae
(b) Chordata - Notochord at some stage and separate anal and urinary openings to the outside
(c) Echinodermata - Pentamerous radial symmetry and mostly internal fertilization
(d) Mollusca - Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva
► (d) Mollusca - Normally oviparous and development through a trochophore or veliger larva
20. Roundworms differ from flatworm in having a:
(a) Pseudocoel
(b) Dorsal nerve cord
(c) Circulatory system
(d) Circular muscle layer
► (a) Pseudocoel
21. Ascaris male is:
(a) Didelphic
(b) Monodelphic
(c) Polydelphic
(d) None of the Above
► (d) None of the Above
22. Cuticle, as in Ascaris, is an adaptation for:
(a) Parasitism
(b) Growth
(c) Reproduction
(d) Locomotion
► (a) Parasitism
23. One of the following is a very unique feature of the mammalian body:
(a) Homeothermy
(b) Presence of diaphragm
(c) Four chambered heart
(d) Rib cage
► (b) Presence of diaphragm
24. Poikilothermic host in Plasmodium life cycle
(a) Man
(b) Anopheles
(c) Bed bug
(d) Cockroach
► (b) Anopheles
25. Chenopodium oil destroys:
(a) Adult Ascaris
(b) Larva
(c) Eggs
(d) Toxins
► (a) Adult Ascaris
26. Who has coined the phylum name ‘Protozoa’?
(a) Robert Grant
(b) Goldfuss
(c) Gegenbaur
(d) Lamarck
► (b) Goldfuss
27. The lips of Ascaris are-
(a) Bony
(b) Smooth
(c) Cartilagenous
(d) Denticulate
► (d) Denticulate
28. Number of lips during embryo stage in Ascaris :-
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 6
(d) 1
► (c) 6
29. In Ascaris tufted epithelium occurs in :-
(a) Intestine
(b) Body wall
(c) Uterus
(d) Pineal sac
► (c) Uterus
30. Plasmodium is transmitted by
(a) Inoculation
(b) Contamination
(c) Contagination
(d) All of the Above
► (b) Contamination
31. Number of excretory pores in Ascaris is-
(a) 6
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 5
► (b) 1
32. Which of the following is a parasite
(a) Amoeba proteus
(b) Entamoeba histolytica
(c) Musca domestica
(d) Hydra oligactis
► (b) Entamoeba histolytica
33. Two common characters found in centipede, cockroach and crab are:
(a) Jointed legs and chitinous exoskeleton
(b) Green gland and tracheae
(c) Book lungs and antennae
(d) Compound eyes and anal cerci
► (a) Jointed legs and chitinous exoskeleton
34. Male Anopheles can not spread malaria as
(a) Mandible are present but feed upon plant sap
(b) Mandibles are present and feed upon blood
(c) Mandibles are absent and feed upon blood
(d) Mandibles are absent & feed upon plant sap
► (a) Mandible are present but feed upon plant sap
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